{"id":826,"date":"2024-05-01T13:12:44","date_gmt":"2024-05-01T16:12:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/?p=826"},"modified":"2025-11-13T10:26:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T13:26:29","slug":"variaveis-no-javascript","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/variaveis-no-javascript\/","title":{"rendered":"Vari\u00e1veis no Javascript"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Tempo de leitura: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutos<\/span><\/span>\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vari\u00e1veis no Javascript<\/strong>: Vari\u00e1veis s\u00e3o os alicerces de qualquer programa JavaScript, atuando como r\u00f3tulos simb\u00f3licos para valores armazenados na mem\u00f3ria. Entender como e onde declar\u00e1-las \u2014 usando <strong><code>var<\/code><\/strong>, <strong><code>let<\/code><\/strong> e <strong><code>const<\/code><\/strong> \u2014 \u00e9 a chave para escrever c\u00f3digo previs\u00edvel e livre de <em>bugs<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Neste artigo, exploraremos a diferen\u00e7a crucial entre as tr\u00eas formas de declara\u00e7\u00e3o e como o conceito de <strong>Escopo<\/strong> afeta a visibilidade do seu c\u00f3digo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\">1. As Tr\u00eas Formas de Declara\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">A principal diferen\u00e7a entre <code>let<\/code>, <code>const<\/code> e <code>var<\/code> reside em duas caracter\u00edsticas: <strong>Reatribui\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> e <strong>Escopo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A. <code>const<\/code> (Constante)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Prop\u00f3sito:<\/strong> Declara um valor que <strong>n\u00e3o pode ser reatribu\u00eddo<\/strong> ap\u00f3s a inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Escopo:<\/strong> <strong>Escopo de Bloco<\/strong> (a vari\u00e1vel s\u00f3 existe dentro das chaves <code>{}<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> Use <code>const<\/code> por padr\u00e3o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">JavaScript<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>const PI = 3.14; \n\/\/ PI = 3.14159; \/\/ ERRO: N\u00e3o pode reatribuir a PI\n\nconst array = &#91;1, 2];\narray.push(3); \/\/ Isso \u00e9 permitido! (O valor do array \u00e9 mut\u00e1vel, mas a vari\u00e1vel 'array' n\u00e3o pode apontar para outro array)\n\/\/ array = &#91;1, 2, 3]; \/\/ ERRO: Tentativa de reatribui\u00e7\u00e3o da constante.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B. <code>let<\/code> (Vari\u00e1vel Mut\u00e1vel)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Prop\u00f3sito:<\/strong> Declara uma vari\u00e1vel cujo valor <strong>pode ser reatribu\u00eddo<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Escopo:<\/strong> <strong>Escopo de Bloco<\/strong> (a vari\u00e1vel s\u00f3 existe dentro das chaves <code>{}<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> Use <code>let<\/code> apenas quando o valor da vari\u00e1vel precisar mudar (ex: contadores em <em>loops<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">JavaScript<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>let contador = 0;\ncontador = 1; \/\/ Permitido: Reatribui\u00e7\u00e3o.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C. <code>var<\/code> (Legado)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Prop\u00f3sito:<\/strong> Forma original de declarar vari\u00e1veis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Escopo:<\/strong> <strong>Escopo de Fun\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> (ou Global), <strong>NUNCA<\/strong> Escopo de Bloco.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> <strong>Evite usar <code>var<\/code><\/strong> em c\u00f3digos modernos para prevenir erros de escopo (principalmente o <em>hoisting<\/em> problem\u00e1tico).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\">2. Entendendo o Escopo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">O <strong>Escopo<\/strong> define a <strong>visibilidade<\/strong> e o <strong>tempo de vida<\/strong> de uma vari\u00e1vel no seu programa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A. Escopo de Bloco (<code>let<\/code> e <code>const<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">O escopo de bloco \u00e9 a forma moderna e mais segura de isolar vari\u00e1veis. Vari\u00e1veis declaradas com <code>let<\/code> ou <code>const<\/code> s\u00f3 s\u00e3o acess\u00edveis dentro do bloco de c\u00f3digo onde foram definidas (entre as chaves <code>{}<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">JavaScript<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>function calcular() {\n  let resultado = 0; \/\/ Escopo de Fun\u00e7\u00e3o\n  \n  if (true) {\n    const TAXA = 0.1; \/\/ Escopo de Bloco\n    resultado = 100 * TAXA;\n    console.log(resultado); \/\/ Acess\u00edvel: 10\n  } \n\n  \/\/ console.log(TAXA); \/\/ ERRO: TAXA est\u00e1 fora do escopo de bloco do 'if'.\n  console.log(resultado); \/\/ Acess\u00edvel: 10\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B. Escopo de Fun\u00e7\u00e3o (<code>var<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Vari\u00e1veis declaradas com <code>var<\/code> dentro de uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o limitadas a essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o, mas <strong>vazam<\/strong> para fora de qualquer bloco interno (<code>if<\/code>, <code>for<\/code>, <code>while<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">JavaScript<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>function exemploVar() {\n  if (true) {\n    var item = \"Vis\u00edvel\"; \/\/ Escopo de Fun\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o de Bloco!\n  }\n  console.log(item); \/\/ Acess\u00edvel: \"Vis\u00edvel\" (Comportamento inesperado\/indesejado)\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Hoisting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hoisting<\/strong> \u00e9 o comportamento do JavaScript de move as declara\u00e7\u00f5es de vari\u00e1veis e fun\u00e7\u00f5es para o topo do seu escopo antes da execu\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00f3digo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><code>var<\/code>:<\/strong> O JavaScript <strong>move<\/strong> a <strong>declara\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> e a <strong>inicializa<\/strong> como <code>undefined<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong><code>let<\/code> \/ <code>const<\/code>:<\/strong> O JavaScript <strong>move<\/strong> apenas a <strong>declara\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>, mas <strong>N\u00c3O<\/strong> a inicializa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">JavaScript<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>console.log(legado); \/\/ Sa\u00edda: undefined (Hoisting com inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o)\nvar legado = \"Var i\u00e7a e inicializa.\";\n\n\/\/ console.log(moderno); \/\/ ERRO de Refer\u00eancia (A vari\u00e1vel foi i\u00e7ada, mas n\u00e3o inicializada.)\nlet moderno = \"Let i\u00e7a, mas n\u00e3o inicializa.\"; \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">O comportamento de <code>let<\/code> e <code>const<\/code> evita que voc\u00ea acesse vari\u00e1veis antes que elas sejam definidas, resultando em c\u00f3digos mais previs\u00edveis e f\u00e1ceis de depurar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\">\u2705 Conclus\u00e3o Vari\u00e1veis no Javascript<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Vari\u00e1veis s\u00e3o a base da gest\u00e3o de dados em JS. A escolha entre <strong><code>const<\/code><\/strong> e <strong><code>let<\/code><\/strong> n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas sobre estilo, mas sobre <strong>seguran\u00e7a e previsibilidade<\/strong> do c\u00f3digo, gra\u00e7as ao <strong>Escopo de Bloco<\/strong>. A regra de ouro \u00e9: <strong>use <code>const<\/code> por padr\u00e3o<\/strong> e s\u00f3 mude para <code>let<\/code> quando a reatribui\u00e7\u00e3o for estritamente necess\u00e1ria. <strong>Evite <code>var<\/code><\/strong> para prevenir confus\u00e3o com <em>hoisting<\/em> e escopo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Toda jornada tem um in\u00edcio, e o in\u00edcio para se tornar um desenvolvedor web \u00e9 dominar as seguintes tecnologias, que voc\u00ea encontra aqui mesmo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"\/category\/html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"758\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/html.webp\" alt=\"HTML\" class=\"wp-image-600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/html.webp 758w, https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/html-300x169.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">HTML<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"\/category\/css\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"758\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Capa-Artigos-Linux.webp\" alt=\"CSS\" class=\"wp-image-702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Capa-Artigos-Linux.webp 758w, https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Capa-Artigos-Linux-300x169.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">CSS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"\/category\/javascript\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"758\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/javascript.webp\" alt=\"Javascript\" class=\"wp-image-804\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/javascript.webp 758w, https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/javascript-300x169.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">JavaScript<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">E se voc\u00ea gosta do nosso conte\u00fado, n\u00e3o deixe de contribuir adquirindo os servi\u00e7os e produtos dos nossos apoiadores e empresas que somos associados:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hostinger.com.br\/?REFERRALCODE=1THIAGO62\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hostinger.png\" alt=\"Hospedagem Hostinger\" class=\"wp-image-92\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3SNDYlc\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ofertas-amazon.webp\" alt=\"Ofertas Amazon\" class=\"wp-image-1308\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/3SNKmt0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/amazonprime.webp\" alt=\"Amazon Prime\" class=\"wp-image-1307\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Tempo de leitura: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutos<\/span><\/span>Vari\u00e1veis no Javascript: Vari\u00e1veis s\u00e3o os alicerces de qualquer programa JavaScript, atuando como r\u00f3tulos simb\u00f3licos&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-javascript","wpcat-8-id"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vari\u00e1veis no Javascript - BLOG THIAGO ROSSI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vari\u00e1veis no Javascript: Neste artigo, vamos explorar em detalhes o conceito de vari\u00e1veis em JavaScript, suas diferentes formas de ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/variaveis-no-javascript\/\" \/>\n<meta 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