{"id":3295,"date":"2025-01-07T08:52:28","date_gmt":"2025-01-07T11:52:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/?p=3295"},"modified":"2025-12-12T09:53:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T12:53:14","slug":"eloquent-mutators-e-casting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/eloquent-mutators-e-casting\/","title":{"rendered":"Eloquent Mutators e Casting"},"content":{"rendered":"Tempo de leitura: <\/span> 5<\/span> minutos<\/span><\/span>\n

Eloquent Mutators e Casting<\/strong>: No Laravel, o Eloquent ORM<\/strong> oferece mecanismos poderosos para transformar os dados dos atributos de um Model<\/em> automaticamente, seja na leitura (recupera\u00e7\u00e3o do banco), na escrita (salvamento no banco), ou na convers\u00e3o de tipos. Essas ferramentas s\u00e3o os Accessors<\/strong>, Mutators<\/strong> e Casting<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este artigo detalha como usar esses recursos para manipular e formatar dados de forma elegante e centralizada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

1. \ud83d\udcd6 Accessors e Mutators (Laravel 9 e Anteriores)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Accessors e Mutators s\u00e3o m\u00e9todos definidos no Model<\/em> que interceptam a leitura ou escrita de atributos, permitindo a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de l\u00f3gica de formata\u00e7\u00e3o ou transforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

A. Accessors (Leitura)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Formata um atributo quando ele \u00e9 acessado<\/strong>. O nome do m\u00e9todo segue o padr\u00e3o get{NomeDoAtributo}Attribute<\/code>. O NomeDoAtributo<\/code> \u00e9 o nome do atributo que voc\u00ea usar\u00e1 no c\u00f3digo, em camel case<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exemplo:<\/strong> Criar um atributo virtual nome_completo<\/code> a partir de first_name<\/code> e last_name<\/code> armazenados no banco.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/\/ app\/Models\/User.php\nclass User extends Model\n{\n    public function getNomeCompletoAttribute()\n    {\n        \/\/ Concatena atributos do banco de dados (que est\u00e3o em $this->attributes)\n        return $this->first_name . ' ' . $this->last_name;\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o:\n$user = User::find(1);\necho $user->nome_completo; \/\/ Acessa o atributo virtual\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
B. Mutators (Escrita)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Modifica um atributo antes de ser armazenado<\/strong> no banco de dados. O nome do m\u00e9todo segue o padr\u00e3o set{NomeDoAtributo}Attribute<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exemplo:<\/strong> For\u00e7ar o armazenamento de um nome em letras mai\u00fasculas no banco de dados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ app\/Models\/User.php\nclass User extends Model\n{\n    public function setNomeAttribute($value)\n    {\n        \/\/ Define o valor modificado diretamente no array de atributos\n        $this->attributes['nome'] = strtoupper($value);\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o:\n$user = new User;\n$user->nome = 'alice silva';\n$user->save(); \/\/ No DB, 'nome' ser\u00e1 armazenado como 'ALICE SILVA'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
2. \ud83d\udd00 Attribute Casting (Convers\u00e3o de Tipos)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
O Attribute Casting<\/strong> \u00e9 a maneira mais limpa e perform\u00e1tica de garantir que um atributo do banco de dados seja convertido automaticamente para um tipo PHP espec\u00edfico (ou vice-versa) ao ser lido ou escrito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Voc\u00ea define as convers\u00f5es na propriedade $casts<\/code> do seu Model<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
A. Tipos de Casting Comuns<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Casting<\/strong><\/td>Tipo PHP<\/strong><\/td>Uso Comum<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
boolean<\/code><\/strong><\/td>bool<\/code><\/td>Campos TINYINT(1) do MySQL.<\/td><\/tr>
integer<\/code>, float<\/code><\/strong><\/td>int<\/code>, float<\/code><\/td>Garantir tipos num\u00e9ricos.<\/td><\/tr>
array<\/code><\/strong><\/td>array<\/code><\/td>Campos JSON no banco de dados.<\/td><\/tr>
collection<\/code><\/strong><\/td>Illuminate\\Support\\Collection<\/code><\/td>Campos JSON para manipula\u00e7\u00e3o fluente.<\/td><\/tr>
date<\/code>, datetime<\/code><\/strong><\/td>Carbon\\Carbon<\/code><\/td>Campos de data e hora (para formata\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00e1cil).<\/td><\/tr>
encrypted<\/code><\/strong><\/td>Criptografado<\/td>Criptografa o valor na escrita e descriptografa na leitura (usa APP_KEY<\/code>).<\/td><\/tr>
decimal:n<\/code><\/strong><\/td>string<\/code> ou float<\/code><\/td>For\u00e7a a precis\u00e3o decimal, onde n<\/code> \u00e9 o n\u00famero de casas.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Exemplo Pr\u00e1tico de Casting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ app\/Models\/Product.php\nclass Product extends Model\n{\n    protected $casts = [\n        'is_active' => 'boolean',\n        'price' => 'decimal:2', \/\/ Garantir 2 casas decimais\n        'data_publicacao' => 'datetime',\n        'tags' => 'array',       \/\/ Armazenado como JSON no BD\n    ];\n}\n\n\/\/ Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o:\n$product = Product::find(1);\n\n\/\/ 1. Acessando booleano e data (como objeto Carbon)\nif ($product->is_active) { \/* ... *\/ }\necho $product->data_publicacao->format('Y-m-d'); \n\n\/\/ 2. Manipulando arrays\n$product->tags[] = 'novo';\n$product->save(); \/\/ O array ser\u00e1 convertido para JSON antes de salvar\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
3. \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Custom Casts (Convers\u00e3o Personalizada)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Para l\u00f3gica de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o complexa (ex: lidar com objetos de valor, URLs, ou formatos espec\u00edficos), voc\u00ea pode criar classes de Casting<\/em> Personalizadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
1- Criando a Classe de Cast:<\/strong> Implemente a interface CastsAttributes<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ app\/Casts\/Endereco.php \n\nclass Endereco implements CastsAttributes { \n    public function get($model, $key, $value, $attributes) { \n        \/\/ L\u00f3gica de LEITURA: JSON (DB) -> Objeto PHP (Model) \n        $data = json_decode($value, true); \n        return new \\stdClass($data); \n    } \n\n    public function set($model, $key, $value, $attributes) { \n        \/\/ L\u00f3gica de ESCRITA: Objeto PHP (Model) -> JSON (DB) \n        return json_encode($value); \n    } \n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
2 – Use no Model:<\/strong> Referencie a classe no array $casts<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ app\/Models\/User.php \n\nuse App\\Casts\\Endereco; \n\nprotected $casts = [ 'billing_address' => Endereco::class, ];<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
3 – Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
$user = User::find(1); \n\n\/\/ Acessado como objeto PHP (gracas ao get() do Custom Cast) \necho $user->billing_address->rua; \n\n\/\/ Passando um array (ser\u00e1 convertido pelo set() do Custom Cast) \n$user->billing_address = ['rua' => 'Nova', 'cidade' => 'SP']; \n$user->save();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
4. \ud83d\ude80 Accessors e Mutators Modernos (Laravel 10+)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A partir do Laravel 10, Accessors e Mutators foram unificados usando a classe Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Casts\\Attribute<\/code>, simplificando a defini\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ Laravel 10+\nuse Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Casts\\Attribute;\n\nclass User extends Model\n{\n    protected function nomeCompleto(): Attribute\n    {\n        return Attribute::make(\n            \/\/ Accessor (ocorre ao LER $user->nome_completo)\n            get: fn (string $value, array $attributes) => $attributes['first_name'] . ' ' . $attributes['last_name'],\n            \n            \/\/ Mutator (ocorre ao ESCREVER $user->nome_completo = '...')\n            set: fn (string $value) => [\n                'first_name' => explode(' ', $value)[0],\n                'last_name' => end(explode(' ', $value)),\n            ],\n        );\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 Conclus\u00e3o Eloquent Mutators e Casting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Eloquent Mutators e Casting: Accessors, Mutators e Casting s\u00e3o essenciais para manter a integridade e a legibilidade dos seus dados. Eles garantem que:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Os dados lidos do banco estejam no formato\/tipo PHP correto<\/strong> (Carbon<\/code>, bool<\/code>, array<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Os dados escritos no banco sigam as regras de formata\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong> (ex: letras mai\u00fasculas, hash<\/em> de senha).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    Dominar o Casting<\/strong> para tipos b\u00e1sicos e o uso de Custom Casts<\/strong> para tipos de dados complexos \u00e9 fundamental para otimizar o fluxo de dados em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es Laravel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Mas antes de dominar o Laravel, se for o seu caso, toda jornada tem um in\u00edcio. Vamos entender quais s\u00e3o os conhecimentos b\u00e1sicos necess\u00e1rios para aproveitar ao m\u00e1ximo este poderoso framework. Para iniciar seus estudos no Laravel, voc\u00ea precisar\u00e1 dominar as seguintes tecnologias:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n
    \"HTML\"<\/a>
    HTML<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"CSS\"<\/a>
    CSS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"Javascript\"<\/a>
    JavaScript<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n
    \"SQL\"<\/a>
    SQL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"Capa<\/a>
    PHP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    E se voc\u00ea gosta do nosso conte\u00fado, n\u00e3o deixe de contribuir adquirindo os servi\u00e7os e produtos dos nossos apoiadores e empresas que somos associados:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n
    \"Hospedagem<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"Ofertas<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"Amazon<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Tempo de leitura: <\/span>  5<\/span> minutos<\/span><\/span>Eloquent Mutators e Casting: No Laravel, o Eloquent ORM oferece mecanismos poderosos para transformar os…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-laravel","wpcat-18-id"],"yoast_head":"\nEloquent Mutators e Casting - BLOG THIAGO ROSSI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Eloquent Mutators e Casting: Este artigo explora em detalhes esses recursos, fornecendo exemplos pr\u00e1ticos e abrangentes...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/eloquent-mutators-e-casting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Eloquent Mutators e Casting - 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