{"id":3277,"date":"2025-01-02T10:18:10","date_gmt":"2025-01-02T13:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/?p=3277"},"modified":"2025-12-11T10:11:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T13:11:19","slug":"laravel-eloquent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/laravel-eloquent\/","title":{"rendered":"Laravel Eloquent"},"content":{"rendered":"Tempo de leitura: <\/span> 4<\/span> minutos<\/span><\/span>\n

Laravel Eloquent<\/strong>: O Eloquent ORM<\/strong> (Mapeador Objeto-Relacional) \u00e9 a forma mais popular de interagir com o banco de dados no Laravel. Ele permite que as tabelas do banco de dados sejam tratadas como classes PHP<\/strong> (Models<\/code>) e os registros, como inst\u00e2ncias de objetos<\/strong>, eliminando a necessidade de escrever SQL complexo para opera\u00e7\u00f5es CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este artigo explora a fundo a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do Eloquent, desde as conven\u00e7\u00f5es at\u00e9 os recursos avan\u00e7ados de Query Scopes<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

1. \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f Modelos Eloquent e Conven\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Um Model<\/em> Eloquent \u00e9 uma classe que estende Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\Model<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

A. Gera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Para criar um novo Model<\/em> (ex: Post<\/code>), use o Artisan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bash<\/p>\n\n\n\n

php artisan make:model Post\n# Para criar tamb\u00e9m Migration, Factory, Controller e Seeder:\nphp artisan make:model Post -mfcs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
B. Conven\u00e7\u00f5es Padr\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
O Eloquent segue o princ\u00edpio de “conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre configura\u00e7\u00e3o”:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Propriedade<\/strong><\/td>Conven\u00e7\u00e3o Padr\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>Personaliza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
Nome da Tabela<\/strong><\/td>Plural do nome do Model em snake case<\/em> (Ex: User<\/code> -> users<\/code>)<\/td>protected $table = 'meus_usuarios';<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Chave Prim\u00e1ria<\/strong><\/td>id<\/code><\/td>protected $primaryKey = 'codigo';<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Timestamps<\/strong><\/td>Usa created_at<\/code> e updated_at<\/code><\/td>public $timestamps = false;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Conex\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>DB_CONNECTION<\/code> do .env<\/code><\/td>protected $connection = 'mysql2';<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
2. \ud83d\udd0d Recuperando Dados (Read)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
O Eloquent fornece uma API fluente para construir consultas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e9todo<\/strong><\/td>Fun\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>Exemplo<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
all()<\/code><\/strong><\/td>Retorna todos os registros (como uma Collection<\/code>).<\/td>$users = User::all();<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
find()<\/code><\/strong><\/td>Busca por Chave Prim\u00e1ria.<\/td>$user = User::find(1);<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
findOrFail()<\/code><\/strong><\/td>Busca por PK ou lan\u00e7a exce\u00e7\u00e3o 404.<\/td>$user = User::findOrFail(1);<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
get()<\/code><\/strong><\/td>Executa a consulta e retorna uma Collection<\/code>.<\/td>User::where('active', 1)->get();<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
first()<\/code><\/strong><\/td>Retorna apenas o primeiro resultado.<\/td>User::where('status', 'A')->first();<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
chunk()<\/code><\/strong><\/td>Processa grandes resultados em peda\u00e7os (otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o de mem\u00f3ria).<\/td>User::chunk(100, function ($users) { \/* ... *\/ });<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Exemplo de Filtragem:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = 1 AND name LIKE '%Jo\u00e3o%'\n$users = User::where('active', 1)\n             ->where('name', 'like', '%Jo\u00e3o%')\n             ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')\n             ->get();\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
3. \u270d\ufe0f Modifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados (Create, Update, Delete)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A. Inserir (Create)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Voc\u00ea pode instanciar o objeto ou usar o m\u00e9todo est\u00e1tico create()<\/code> (requer a propriedade $fillable<\/code> no Model<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ 1. Instanciando e Salvando\n$user = new User;\n$user->name = 'Novo Usu\u00e1rio';\n$user->email = 'novo@exemplo.com';\n$user->save();\n\n\/\/ 2. Cria\u00e7\u00e3o Massiva (Mass Assignment)\nUser::create([\n    'name' => 'Usu\u00e1rio X',\n    'email' => 'x@exemplo.com',\n    'password' => bcrypt('senha'),\n]);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
B. Atualizar (Update)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ 1. Atualizando por Objeto (dispara eventos do Model)\n$user = User::find(1);\n$user->name = 'Nome Atualizado';\n$user->save();\n\n\/\/ 2. Atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o Massiva (via Query Builder)\nUser::where('id', 1)->update(['name' => 'Nome Atualizado']);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
C. Excluir (Delete)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ 1. Exclus\u00e3o por Objeto\n$user = User::find(1);\n$user->delete();\n\n\/\/ 2. Exclus\u00e3o por Chave(s) Prim\u00e1ria(s)\nUser::destroy(1);\nUser::destroy([1, 2, 3]);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
4. \ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f Soft Deletes (Exclus\u00e3o Suave)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
O Soft Deletes<\/strong> (Exclus\u00e3o Suave) marca um registro como deletado, preenchendo a coluna deleted_at<\/code>, ao inv\u00e9s de remov\u00ea-lo fisicamente do banco de dados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Migration:<\/strong> Adicione a coluna deleted_at<\/code>.
    PHP
    $table->softDeletes();<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Model:<\/strong> Adicione a Trait<\/em> SoftDeletes<\/code>.
    PHP
    use Illuminate\\Database\\Eloquent\\SoftDeletes; <\/code>
    class User extends Model { use SoftDeletes; \/\/ ... }<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Consultas:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    A\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>M\u00e9todo<\/strong><\/td>Efeito<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
    Padr\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>User::all()<\/code><\/td>Exclui registros deletados dos resultados.<\/td><\/tr>
    Incluir Deletados<\/strong><\/td>User::withTrashed()->get()<\/code><\/td>Retorna todos (deletados e n\u00e3o deletados).<\/td><\/tr>
    Apenas Deletados<\/strong><\/td>User::onlyTrashed()->get()<\/code><\/td>Retorna apenas os registros deletados.<\/td><\/tr>
    Restaurar<\/strong><\/td>$user->restore()<\/code><\/td>Define deleted_at<\/code> como NULL<\/code>.<\/td><\/tr>
    Deletar Final<\/strong><\/td>$user->forceDelete()<\/code><\/td>Remove o registro permanentemente do BD.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    5. \ud83d\udd2d Query Scopes (Escopos de Consulta)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Os Escopos<\/strong> permitem definir conjuntos de restri\u00e7\u00f5es de query<\/em> reutiliz\u00e1veis e f\u00e1ceis de chamar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    A. Definindo Escopos Locais<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Crie um m\u00e9todo no Model<\/em> prefixado com scope<\/code>. Ele aceita a inst\u00e2ncia do Query Builder<\/code> ($query<\/code>) como primeiro argumento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class User extends Model\n{\n    \/\/ Escopo Simples (ex: status ativo)\n    public function scopeActive($query)\n    {\n        return $query->where('active', 1);\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Escopo com Par\u00e2metros (ex: busca por nome)\n    public function scopeSearchByName($query, $name)\n    {\n        return $query->where('name', 'like', \"%$name%\");\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    B. Utilizando Escopos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Chame o escopo como um m\u00e9todo do Model<\/em>, sem o prefixo scope<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \/\/ SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = 1\n$activeUsers = User::active()->get();\n\n\/\/ SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = 1 AND name LIKE '%Jo\u00e3o%'\n$usersFiltrados = User::active()->searchByName('Jo\u00e3o')->paginate(10);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \u2705 Conclus\u00e3o Laravel Eloquent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Laravel Eloquent: O Eloquent transforma a intera\u00e7\u00e3o com o banco de dados em uma experi\u00eancia intuitiva e orientada a objetos<\/strong>. Dominar as conven\u00e7\u00f5es, o uso de Soft Deletes<\/strong> e, principalmente, a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de Query Scopes<\/strong> \u00e9 fundamental para escrever c\u00f3digo Laravel limpo, produtivo e altamente manuten\u00edvel<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Mas antes de dominar o Laravel, se for o seu caso, toda jornada tem um in\u00edcio. Vamos entender quais s\u00e3o os conhecimentos b\u00e1sicos necess\u00e1rios para aproveitar ao m\u00e1ximo este poderoso framework. Para iniciar seus estudos no Laravel, voc\u00ea precisar\u00e1 dominar as seguintes tecnologias:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n
    \"HTML\"<\/a>
    HTML<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"CSS\"<\/a>
    CSS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"Javascript\"<\/a>
    JavaScript<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n
    \"SQL\"<\/a>
    SQL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"Capa<\/a>
    PHP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    E se voc\u00ea gosta do nosso conte\u00fado, n\u00e3o deixe de contribuir adquirindo os servi\u00e7os e produtos dos nossos apoiadores e empresas que somos associados:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n
    \"Hospedagem<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"Ofertas<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"Amazon<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Tempo de leitura: <\/span>  4<\/span> minutos<\/span><\/span>Laravel Eloquent: O Eloquent ORM (Mapeador Objeto-Relacional) \u00e9 a forma mais popular de interagir com…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-laravel","wpcat-18-id"],"yoast_head":"\nLaravel Eloquent - BLOG THIAGO ROSSI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Laravel Eloquent: Este artigo explora em detalhes o laravel eloquent, desde a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de models at\u00e9 recursos avan\u00e7ados como escopos de...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/laravel-eloquent\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Laravel Eloquent - 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