{"id":3240,"date":"2024-12-21T11:34:48","date_gmt":"2024-12-21T14:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/?p=3240"},"modified":"2025-12-10T10:09:49","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T13:09:49","slug":"laravel-database","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/laravel-database\/","title":{"rendered":"Laravel Database"},"content":{"rendered":"Tempo de leitura: <\/span> 4<\/span> minutos<\/span><\/span>\n

O Laravel Database<\/strong> \u00e9 o cora\u00e7\u00e3o da intera\u00e7\u00e3o de dados em qualquer aplica\u00e7\u00e3o Laravel. O framework<\/em> fornece uma camada de abstra\u00e7\u00e3o que facilita a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o com diversos bancos de dados (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, SQL Server), oferecendo m\u00e9todos tanto para execu\u00e7\u00e3o de SQL puro quanto para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de consultas fluentes (Query Builder).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este artigo detalha a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de conex\u00f5es, a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de queries<\/em>, a garantia de integridade com Transa\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong> e o monitoramento do desempenho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

1. \u2699\ufe0f Configura\u00e7\u00e3o de Conex\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As configura\u00e7\u00f5es principais s\u00e3o definidas no arquivo .env<\/code> e s\u00e3o gerenciadas pelo arquivo config\/database.php<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

A. Configura\u00e7\u00e3o no .env<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Voc\u00ea pode configurar a conex\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria usando vari\u00e1veis de ambiente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.ENV<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DB_CONNECTION=mysql\nDB_HOST=127.0.0.1\nDB_PORT=3306\nDB_DATABASE=nome_do_banco\nDB_USERNAME=nome_do_usuario\nDB_PASSWORD=senha_do_usuario\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
B. Conex\u00f5es M\u00faltiplas e Read\/Write (Leitura\/Escrita)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Para cen\u00e1rios de alto desempenho, o Laravel suporta a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de carga ao separar conex\u00f5es de leitura (Read) e escrita (Write).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
No arquivo config\/database.php<\/code>, dentro da configura\u00e7\u00e3o da conex\u00e3o desejada (mysql<\/code> no exemplo):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
'mysql' => [\n    'read' => [\n        'host' => [\n            '192.168.1.100', \/\/ Servidor de R\u00e9plica 1\n            '192.168.1.101', \/\/ Servidor de R\u00e9plica 2\n        ],\n    ],\n    'write' => [\n        'host' => [\n            '192.168.1.200', \/\/ Servidor Mestre\/Prim\u00e1rio\n        ],\n    ],\n    \/\/ ... restante da configura\u00e7\u00e3o ...\n],\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
Com essa configura\u00e7\u00e3o, todas as chamadas DB::select<\/code><\/strong> e DB::get()<\/code><\/strong> do Query Builder usar\u00e3o as conex\u00f5es read<\/code>, e todas as chamadas DB::insert<\/code><\/strong>, DB::update<\/code><\/strong> e DB::delete<\/code><\/strong> usar\u00e3o a conex\u00e3o write<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
2. \ud83d\udcdd Executando Consultas SQL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
O Laravel oferece dois m\u00e9todos principais para interagir com o banco de dados sem usar o Eloquent ORM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
A. SQL Puro com a Facade DB<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Para executar comandos SQL diretamente, use a Facade DB<\/code>, sempre utilizando bindings<\/em> (o caractere ?<\/code>) para evitar ataques de inje\u00e7\u00e3o SQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e9todo<\/strong><\/td>Tipo de Query<\/strong><\/td>Exemplo<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
DB::select<\/code><\/strong><\/td>SELECT<\/td>DB::select('SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = ?', [1]);<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
DB::insert<\/code><\/strong><\/td>INSERT<\/td>DB::insert('INSERT INTO users (name) values (?)', ['Dayle']);<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
DB::update<\/code><\/strong><\/td>UPDATE<\/td>DB::update('UPDATE users SET votes = 100 WHERE id = ?', [1]);<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
DB::delete<\/code><\/strong><\/td>DELETE<\/td>DB::delete('DELETE FROM users WHERE votes = ?', [0]);<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
B. Query Builder<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
O Query Builder oferece uma interface fluente, sendo mais seguro e mais f\u00e1cil de ler que SQL puro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
use Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\DB;\n\n\/\/ Sele\u00e7\u00e3o de dados\n$users = DB::table('users')\n            ->where('active', 1)\n            ->orderBy('name')\n            ->get();\n\n\/\/ Inser\u00e7\u00e3o\nDB::table('users')->insert([\n    'email' => 'value@example.com', \n    'votes' => 0\n]);\n\n\/\/ Atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o\nDB::table('users')\n    ->where('id', 1)\n    ->update(['votes' => 1]);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
3. \ud83d\udd04 Transa\u00e7\u00f5es de Banco de Dados<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Transa\u00e7\u00f5es<\/strong> s\u00e3o vitais para a integridade dos dados<\/strong>, garantindo que uma s\u00e9rie de opera\u00e7\u00f5es SQL sejam tratadas como uma \u00fanica unidade. Se alguma query<\/em> falhar, todas as altera\u00e7\u00f5es anteriores dentro do bloco de transa\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o revertidas (Rollback<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O m\u00e9todo DB::transaction()<\/code><\/strong> \u00e9 a maneira mais limpa e recomendada de gerenciar transa\u00e7\u00f5es, pois ele lida automaticamente com commit<\/code> e rollback<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
use Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\DB;\nuse Throwable;\n\ntry {\n    DB::transaction(function () use ($user, $amount) {\n        \/\/ 1. Diminui o saldo do usu\u00e1rio\n        DB::table('accounts')->where('user_id', $user->id)->decrement('balance', $amount);\n\n        \/\/ 2. Registra o pagamento em outra tabela\n        DB::table('transactions')->insert([\n            'user_id' => $user->id, \n            'amount' => $amount\n        ]);\n        \n        \/\/ Se ambos forem bem-sucedidos, o COMMIT \u00e9 autom\u00e1tico.\n    }); \n    \n    \/\/ Transa\u00e7\u00e3o conclu\u00edda com sucesso\n\n} catch (Throwable $e) {\n    \/\/ Se ocorrer uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o (erro), o ROLLBACK \u00e9 autom\u00e1tico.\n    report($e);\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
4. \ud83d\udd0e Inspecionando e Monitorando<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ferramentas de debugging<\/em> s\u00e3o essenciais para otimizar queries<\/em> lentas e monitorar o comportamento do banco de dados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
A. Log de Queries (Em Desenvolvimento)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Voc\u00ea pode logar todas as queries<\/em> executadas na sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ No seu arquivo .env, para depura\u00e7\u00e3o local\nDB_LOG=true \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
As queries ser\u00e3o escritas no arquivo storage\/logs\/laravel.log<\/code>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
B. Laravel Telescope<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
O Telescope<\/strong> \u00e9 uma ferramenta oficial de debugging<\/em> que fornece uma interface gr\u00e1fica para visualizar todas as queries<\/em> executadas por requisi\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo o tempo de execu\u00e7\u00e3o e os bindings<\/em> utilizados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
C. Clockwork<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Uma alternativa popular que se integra ao painel de desenvolvedor do seu navegador (via extens\u00e3o), fornecendo informa\u00e7\u00f5es detalhadas sobre a execu\u00e7\u00e3o das queries<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 Conclus\u00e3o Laravel Database<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Laravel Database<\/strong>: O sistema de banco de dados do Laravel \u00e9 poderoso e flex\u00edvel. Dominar a configura\u00e7\u00e3o de conex\u00f5es Read\/Write<\/strong> e a execu\u00e7\u00e3o de queries<\/em> via Query Builder<\/strong> \u00e9 crucial. Mais importante, o uso correto das Transa\u00e7\u00f5es (DB::transaction<\/code>)<\/strong> \u00e9 a chave para garantir a integridade dos dados, enquanto ferramentas de monitoramento garantem a otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua da performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mas antes de dominar o Laravel, se for o seu caso, toda jornada tem um in\u00edcio. Vamos entender quais s\u00e3o os conhecimentos b\u00e1sicos necess\u00e1rios para aproveitar ao m\u00e1ximo este poderoso framework. Para iniciar seus estudos no Laravel, voc\u00ea precisar\u00e1 dominar as seguintes tecnologias:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"HTML\"<\/a>
HTML<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"CSS\"<\/a>
CSS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Javascript\"<\/a>
JavaScript<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"SQL\"<\/a>
SQL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Capa<\/a>
PHP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
E se voc\u00ea gosta do nosso conte\u00fado, n\u00e3o deixe de contribuir adquirindo os servi\u00e7os e produtos dos nossos apoiadores e empresas que somos associados:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"Hospedagem<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Ofertas<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Amazon<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tempo de leitura: <\/span>  4<\/span> minutos<\/span><\/span>O Laravel Database \u00e9 o cora\u00e7\u00e3o da intera\u00e7\u00e3o de dados em qualquer aplica\u00e7\u00e3o Laravel. O…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-laravel","wpcat-18-id"],"yoast_head":"\nLaravel Database - BLOG THIAGO ROSSI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Laravel Database: Este artigo explora em detalhes o sistema de laravel database, desde a configura\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 t\u00e9cnicas avan\u00e7adas como ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/laravel-database\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Laravel Database - BLOG THIAGO ROSSI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Laravel Database: Este artigo explora em detalhes o sistema de laravel database, desde a configura\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 t\u00e9cnicas avan\u00e7adas como ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/laravel-database\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BLOG THIAGO ROSSI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-21T14:34:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-10T13:09:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/thiagorossi.com.br\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Laravel.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"758\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"426\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Thiago Rossi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Thiago Rossi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thiagorossi.com.br\\\/blog\\\/laravel-database\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thiagorossi.com.br\\\/blog\\\/laravel-database\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Thiago Rossi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thiagorossi.com.br\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5f28286948ec2afdeb2e044a2196cd87\"},\"headline\":\"Laravel Database\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-21T14:34:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-10T13:09:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thiagorossi.com.br\\\/blog\\\/laravel-database\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":603,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thiagorossi.com.br\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thiagorossi.com.br\\\/blog\\\/laravel-database\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thiagorossi.com.br\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Laravel.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Laravel\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thiagorossi.com.br\\\/blog\\\/laravel-database\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thiagorossi.com.br\\\/blog\\\/laravel-database\\\/\",\"name\":\"Laravel Database - 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